What is the definition of a refugee, and what causes a refugee crisis?
A refugee is a person fleeing war, violence, or other conflict or peril into another country because they are unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin for fear of persecution or danger.
The 1951 Refugee Convention defines a refugee as “any person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality and is unable, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country”.
It is estimated that there are 110 million displaced people around the world, including roughly 43.3 million refugee children. Children often bear the brunt of a refugee crisis, and by 2030, 80% of the world's poorest people will be living in places that are very dangerous for children.
Refugee crises deprive children of their homes and security and deprive parents of the means to support their children. Sadly, this leaves families in extreme poverty and leaves many child refugees vulnerable to abuse, exploitation and child marriage.
That's when they most need help. We serve alongside the most vulnerable refugees as a demonstration of God’s unconditional love for all, helping and serving every child we can.
LEARN MORE: The life of a child refugee
Because of long-standing conflicts in countries like Syria, many children may spend half their lives as refugees. Escaping the hardships from their home country is only the beginning of a dangerous journey that many refugees face. Many refugees end up living in camps where access to shelter, clean water and toilets is not always guaranteed.
Thanks to our supporters, World Vision provides a safe environment for children in areas such as the Middle East and Ukraine.
A refugee is someone who has fled their country because they are at serious risk or harm of persecution. Refugees feel they have no choice but to leave because their government cannot, or in some cases will not, protect them. Refugees have a right to asylum (physical safety), medical care, schooling and the right to work.
An asylum seeker is a displaced person who is yet to be formally recognised as a refugee. Asylum seekers are people who have left their country for fear of persecution who are awaiting a formal decision on their claim to asylum in their chosen country. Anyone is allowed to enter a country to seek asylum.
There is no legally recognised definition of a migrant. However, the term is understood to describe a person who is neither a refugee nor asylum seeker but is a person who has a legitimate reason for leaving their country of origin. This may be serious harm, political unrest, climate problems that have not yet been recognised as a crisis. Furthermore, reasons migrants leave their country may be prejudice or danger of violence because of their gender, race, or sexual orientation. Migrants are entitled to the protection of their human rights.
A refugee crisis is defined as when many displaced people move from their home country to another, in a difficult or dangerous way. The term refugee crisis can refer to displacement happening in the country of origin, the country of arrival, or to problems and dangers facing refugees whilst they are on the move. A crisis can refer to the perspective of the refugees, the country to which they flee, or, in many cases, both.
Whilst fleeing, many refugees have nothing, they do not have access to food or clean water, and many carry no possessions other than the clothes on their backs. A person can become a refugee in an instant.
According to the UNHCR, over half of all refugees and other people in need of international protection come from just three countries:
Currently across the world, there is more conflict than ever driving internal displacement and creating refugees. World Vision has been responding when disaster strikes, protectin and bringing hope to vulnerable children and families around the world.
LEARN MORE: The difference we make in emergencies
The biggest causes of a refugee crisis are:
Conflict and war are the most common cause of mass displacement of people, leading them to become refugees. In some cases, people can become refugees literally overnight when violence erupts in a country due to war or political unrest.
Large groups of people are forced to flee their homes for many reasons, not just war or conflict. Hunger, poverty, and persecution for issues such as gender or sexual orientation are other reasons which cause people to flee their countries.
In recent years, climate change has also been recognised as a major factor in global refugee crises.
In 2022, disasters triggered a record 32.6 million internal displacements, of which 98% were caused by weather-related disasters such as floods, storms, wildfires and droughts. With the global climate crisis only worsening, it is expected that the number of refugees seeking safety from natural disasters like drought, tsunamis and wildfires will continue to increase.
By supporting our work, you can ensure that children driven from their homes are empowered to build better futures. The pennies and pounds you donate create real change in the world for children that need it. When you donate to help a child or support our work at World Vision, you become part of our community of faithful supporters, you become part of the solution!
